Introduction Virtually all people with Down syndrome (DS) will develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology by age 40

Introduction Virtually all people with Down syndrome (DS) will develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology by age 40. at least one copy of the 4 allele). HIGHLIGHTS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were assessed in a multisite cohort of adults with Down syndrome (DS) CSF AD biomarkers are associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in adults with DS Adults with DS exhibit CSF biomarker profiles similar to those of other AD cohorts CSF markers of amyloid and neuronal injury show apolipoprotein E gene (4 influences levels of CSF amyloid beta42 (A42), tau, and synaptosomal\associated proteins MGL-3196 25 (SNAP\25) in adults with DS Study IN CONTEXT Organized review: Few research evaluating cerebrospinal liquid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (Advertisement) in adults with Down symptoms (DS) have already been released. Consequently, all relevant content articles on PubMed associated with CSF biomarkers of Advertisement MGL-3196 in additional risk groups had been also regarded as. Interpretation: You can find commonalities in the profile of and relationship among CSF biomarkers in adults with DS compared to those published in other AD cohorts. Therefore, these biomarkers may have potential use in determining pathological MGL-3196 disease stage and predicting symptom onset and cognitive decline in individuals with DS, as has been reported in late\onset and autosomal dominant forms of AD. Future directions: Investigation of within\person longitudinal change in biomarkers and cognition across the full disease spectrum in adults with DS are needed. A direct comparison between adults with DS and other at\risk groups would be of great value to the field. 2.3. CSF collection and analysis Participants underwent CSF collection via lumbar puncture (LP) between 9?am and 4?pm; typically, 10 to 20?mL of CSF was collected under gravity flow or by aspiration while the participant was sitting, lying, MGL-3196 or prone for fluoroscopy\assisted collection. Samples were collected into a sterile polypropylene tube, flash frozen on dry ice, and shipped to the ABC\DS Biomarker Core at Washington University in St. Louis. Samples were thawed on wet ice, aliquoted (0.5?mL) into polypropylene tubes, flash frozen, and stored at ?80C until biomarker analysis. Frozen aliquots were thawed on wet ice the day of analysis. Concentrations of A40, A42, total tau, and p\tau were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay using a fully automated platform (LUMIPULSE G1200, Fujirebio, Malvern, PA) according to manufacturer’s specifications. Ng, SNAP\25, and VILIP\1 were measured with microparticle\based immunoassays using Single Molecule Counting technology employing antibodies developed in the laboratory of Dr. Jack Ladenson at Washington University in St. Louis, as described previously. 8 , 10 , 23 Concentrations of sTREM2 were measured via an in\house enzyme\linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as described previously. 12 NfL (UmanDiagnostics, Ume?, Sweden), YKL\40 (Quidel, San Diego, CA), and Syn (ADx Neurosciences, Ghent, Belgium) were measured via commercial ELISAs according to manufacturer recommendations. Because Syn levels in the blood are much higher than in the CSF, Mouse monoclonal to CD5/CD19 (FITC/PE) hemoglobin was measured as a control for MGL-3196 blood contamination via ELISA (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX). 24 Hemoglobin concentrations were not correlated with Syn concentrations in the present study, therefore all Syn data are reported. 2.4. Statistical analysis Group comparisons based on cognitive status (CS, DS\MCI, or DS\AD) were performed using Kruskal\Wallis and Dunn assessments with Holm\Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Group comparisons based on 4 carrier status (4 positive or 4 unfavorable) were conducted using a Mann\Whitney test with Holm\Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age as a covariate (for which we report adjusted values .05 were.


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