Integrin-mediated adhesion of epithelial cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins induces

Integrin-mediated adhesion of epithelial cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins induces long term tyrosine phosphorylation and partial service of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in an integrin-dependent and EGFR ligand-independent manner. to induce Myc and cyclin A synthesis; consequently, cells did not progress into H phase. Treatment of ECM-adherent cells with EGF, or overexpression of EGFR or Myc, resulted in repair of late-G1 cell cycle events and progression into H phase. These results indicate that partial service of EGFR by integrin receptors takes on an important part in mediating events induced by epithelial cell attachment to ECM; EGFR is definitely necessary for service of multiple integrin-induced signaling digestive enzymes and adequate for early events in G1 cell cycle progression. Furthermore, these findings suggest that EGFR or Myc overexpression may provoke ligand-independent expansion in matrix-attached cells in vivo and could contribute to carcinoma development. Integrins are a family of heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that serve as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin (FN), laminins, and collagens. Integrins take action as 229971-81-7 manufacture important regulators of cell function through their ability to mediate adhesion to extracellular matrices, to induce cytoskeletal rearrangements, and to activate intracellular signaling pathways. The matched cellular response to matrix attachment through integrins offers been demonstrated to induce a panoply 229971-81-7 manufacture of changes in cell behavior, including modifications in cell survival, expansion, distributing and migration, gene transcription, and differentiation (15, 18, 20, 21). Many intracellular signaling substances are triggered by integrin engagement, including parts of the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk pathway, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3E)/Akt pathway, Src and Abl tyrosine kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Rho GTPases, the scaffolding proteins Cas, Cbl, and paxillin (and connected signaling substances), and the serine kinases protein kinase C (PKC), p21-triggered kinase (PAK), integrin-linked kinase (ILK), and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) (51). Many of the signaling substances triggered by integrins are also triggered by additional receptor-ligand relationships (52). This offers raised important issues concerning the basis for transmission specificity and F3 whether there is definitely coordination between unique receptor pathways within the cell. The probability that integrins can coordinate their activities with additional receptors is definitely supported by several recent findings demonstrating interdependence and mix talk between different classes of cellular receptors (12, 34, 52, 54). There are several good examples of mix talk between integrins and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways (14, 34, 52, 54). Growth factors that activate RTKs can regulate integrin-mediated events such as cell adhesion, cell distributing, and cell migration through modifications in integrin localization and service (27, 32, 58). On the other hand, signals generated by integrins are required for full service of growth element signaling pathways. For example, extracellular matrix-mediated adhesion is definitely required for growth factor-induced cell cycle progression in fibroblasts (2, 16, 53). Integrins contribute to fibroblast cell cycle progression by regulating cyclin M1 appearance through multiple pathways including Erk, PI-3E, and the Rho family GTPases Rac, cdc42, and Rho (16, 44). Integrins also lower the levels of the bad cell cycle regulators p21cip1 and p27kip1 (10). More-recent observations provide evidence for a unique type of mix talk in which integrins can activate RTKs in the absence of exogenously added receptor ligands (35, 41). 229971-81-7 manufacture Several good examples of RTKs activated by integrins include epidermal growth element receptor (EGFR), insulin receptor, platelet-derived growth element receptor 229971-81-7 manufacture (PDGFR), hepatocyte growth element receptor (HGFR/Met), vascular endothelial growth element receptor (VEGFR), and Ron (17, 36, 50, 55, 56, 63). The full ramifications of these relationships possess yet to become fully recognized; however, they suggest yet another mechanism for mix talk between integrin- and growth factor-linked.


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